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Autocratic/authoritarian May lead to high turnover and absenteeism
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Staff need constant attention since they are undependable and immature; they can not be trusted and must be checked frequently; there are few opportunities for suggestions by staff to be integrated.
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Bureaucratic
May lead to demoralized staff and inflexible organizations
(exception: safety and financial related issues)
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Staff must follow strict procedures or exact compliance; high control is usually present and staff have little input to change procedures.
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Charismatic
Success/failure is tied to the leader
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Leader-driven with energy and enthusiasm but project success depends on leader; may fail if leader withdraws. Leader believes more in self then team.
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Democratic/participative
Increases job satisfaction develops staff skills; motivation is usually high
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Staff involved in decisions but leader usually makes the final determination; team feels in control; process may take longer but quality is usually more essential then speed.
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Laissez-faire
Can lead to insufficient control
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Staff is given high freedom but leader may need to monitor progress to be effective; best used with experienced and skilled staff.
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People/relationship-oriented
If carried to extreme confronting staff is avoided
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Leader uses a friendship-like relationship and tries to create harmony between staff; best when combined with participative style.
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Task-oriented
May have flaws of autocratic leadership, motivating and retaining staff is difficult
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Leader focuses on getting the task done, flaws similar to autocratic style; roles, structure and plan is defined with little thought to impact of staff and staffs’ well-being may not be the priority.
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Transactional Leadership
Job satisfaction is low; seriously limits creative or knowledge-based work
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Staff must agree to obey leader; employment/pay means support of leader is a requirement; leader often punishes staff if not successful.
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Transformational Leadership
Job satisfaction is high
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Staff is inspired and has shared vision; leader is highly visible and uses effective communication and delegation; this leader sees the big picture but needs detailed staff for support.
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Situational leadership
Usually effective; responds to the climate required
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Manages according to the situation; switches between styles; takes into consideration the skill level and experience of the staff, the work involved and the environment; leader must know when to follow the rules and when to be flexible.
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